ONTOGENESIS AND POTENTIAL EVOLUTIONARY PATHWAYS OF FERN SORI | BIONATURE

Different kinds of sori are examined using the methodological framework of botanical construction morphology, based on the idea that the superficial location of sporangia and sori is the primordial condition. Following this strategy entails comparing sori on the basis of their architecture, including their ontogenesis and developmental potential for subsequent evolution. The varied spatial interactions between the sori and the sporophyll, which are induced by variances in sporophyll development, determine the sori's developmental potencies. The megaphyllous ferns can be divided into two groups based on the structure of their sporangia: one with delicate leptosporangia and the other with large leptosporangia.

There are several possibilities for the genesis of marginal sori from superficial starting forms in each category. The step-by-step transition from surface singly-arranged sporangia to marginal sori is characterised by identical developmental processes in both main groupings. Sorus formation, phase differentiation with subblastozonal or blastozonal receptacle formation, costa-relation, and the establishment of unique receptacular growth zones and industrial envelopes are among these processes. Marginal sori, especially very complex constructs like costa-related marginal sori, cannot be regarded as exhibiting the early forms of sorus evolution because all of these processes are suitable for demonstrating various paths to an increase in complexity.

Some unorthodox systematic implications can be drawn based on the reported morphological results.

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