Heterosis and Combining Ability under Favorable and Salinity Stress in Egyptian Bread Wheat | Asian

Days to 50 percent Tipping, spike length, and number of spikelets/spike were analysed using generation mean analysis for the effect of salinity soil and water. The findings showed that for three of the traits tested, the mean squares of all genotypes were highly important, indicating that there was a lot of genetic heterogeneity among them. The mean amount of squares due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant for days to 50% Tipping and number of spikelets/spike under salinity stress, but specific combining ability (SCA) was significant for spike length.Heterosis of both crosses for days to 50% over mid parents (H M.P percent ) and great parents (H B.P percent ). This study estimated tipping, spike length, and the number of spikelets per spike. In the inheritance of three traits, the most forms of general combining skill effects (gi) and basic combining ability effects (Sij) are involved. Furthermore, data revealed that the magnitudes of non-additive genetic variance (2D) were higher than additive genetic variance (2A) for days to 50 percent Tipping and the number of spikelets/spike.The results showed that heritability values in wide senses (h2b.s percent ) and narrow senses (h2n.s percent ) were high for spike length under favourable, salinity stress, and combined data, with values of (87.35 and 58.42 percent ) and (85.32 and 72.73 percent ) respectively (75.70 and 12.83 percent ). Furthermore, under favourable and salinity stress conditions, the values of (h2b.s percent ) were high, but the values of (h2n.s percent ) were low for days to 50 percent Tipping and No. of spikelets/spike, respectively.Finally, non-additive gene action was found to play a significant role in regulating traits such as days to 50% Tipping and number of spikelets/spike. The additive gene action, on the other hand, was crucial in regulating spike duration.

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