Effect of Ethyl Methane Sulphonate and Dimethyl Sulphate on Some Growth Characters of Senna occident

Cassia occidentalis Linn., also known as coffee senna, is a perennial plant with essential medicinal properties. It grows in the tropics and subtropics, is commonly eaten by animals and people, and is used in a number of conventional medicines to treat a variety of ailments. The aim of this study was to see how two chemical mutagens affected vegetative and flowering development. To accomplish this, Cassia occidentalis seeds were soaked in boiled water for 18 hours, after which the temperature was gradually lowered to room temperature.The seeds were then soaked for 6 hours in ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) at 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 ppm and dimethyl sulphate (DMS) at 200, 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 ppm, with the control seeds remaining in the water for the same time. Seeds were planted in 25cm plastic pots with a clay-sand soil mixture (1:1, v/v). Seed germination percentage, plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, number of leaves, and fresh and dry plant weights were all reported. The statistical analysis showed that certain growth characteristics had major effects.Dimethyl sulphate seeds treated at high concentrations (1600 and 3200 ppm) did not germinate. All of the treatments used reduced pollen viability significantly compared to the control, and flowers on all plants treated with 200 ppm DMS dropped before the anther matured. In both generations, dimethyl sulphate (DMS) at 200 and 400 ppm reduced the amount of inflorescences per plant relative to the regulation.

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