Development of Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Toxin by Insect Pests | Asian Journal of...

Throughout history, insect pests have been the principal scourge of agriculture. On a global basis, it is estimated that 14 percent of crop yield is lost to insect pests. To reduce the use of insecticides, scientists have genetically modified plants to produce insecticidal proteins encoded by genes from the Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria (Bt). Because of their relevance, more than 70 different types of Cry genes have been identified (cry1 up to cry70). Based on their amino acid sequence, these endotoxins have been classified as Cry1–Cry69 and Cyt1–Cyt3 and specific subgroups. Some Bt genes, including as cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry2Ab, and cry9C, are already being utilised in GMP commercially. At a high pH, the crystalline proteins become solubilized in the midgut, releasing d-endotoxin proteins. The remarkable capacity of insects to adapt to Bt-toxin and various management approaches supports the conclusion that pest evolution is the most significant threat to the transgenic Bt crop's long-term success. This research aims to provide an overview on insect pest resistance to Bt toxin improvement. Herbal genetic variants controlling response to a toxin are common in insect populations, with some alleles conferring vulnerability and others conferring resistance. Many laboratory and field studies have shown that insects' tolerance to Bt toxin is improving. When a small population is exposed to a poison, the number of alleles providing resistance increases in succeeding generations, resulting in field-evolved resistance. The threat of insect resistance to the usage of Bt plant-incorporated protectants in the future has prompted the development of an insect resistance management strategy. IRM is defined as steps designed to delay the development of insect resistance to pest management techniques in target pest populations or practises targeted at reducing the likelihood of insect pests developing resistance to a gene. The threat of insect resistance to the future usage of Bt plant-based protectants has prompted the development of an insect resistance management strategy.

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